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Photothermal ablation therapy (PAT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic method for tumor elimination with little harm to normal tissues and organs, showing many advantages compared with conventional methods widely used today. Thus...
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Photothermal ablation therapy (PAT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic method for tumor elimination with little harm to normal tissues and organs, showing many advantages compared with conventional methods widely used today. Thus, PAT has attracted increasing interest and has been widely studied. Effective PAT relies heavily on low-toxicity, low-cost, biocompatible, and highly efficient photothermal agents. At present, there are mainly four basic classes, including organic and polymer-based, metal-based, carbon-based, and semiconductor-based photothermal agents. Based on these four basic classes, several types of multifunctional photothermal agents have received much attention, such as imaging-guided photothermal agents, photothermal-chemo synergistic agents, and photothermal-photodynamic synergistic agents. In this review, we focus on the classic research samples and the most recent progress to make an introduction to photothermal therapy. Meanwhile, the limitations as well as some perspective also will be discussed.
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Photothermal therapy is a new minimally invasive treatment technology, which has attracted worldwide attention in treatment of cancer. Herein, we developed Sm3+/Nd3+ doped NaY(WO_4)_2 microstructures as the temperature generation ...
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Photothermal therapy is a new minimally invasive treatment technology, which has attracted worldwide attention in treatment of cancer. Herein, we developed Sm3+/Nd3+ doped NaY(WO_4)_2 microstructures as the temperature generation system during the photothermal conversion process. Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) doped NaYF_4 commercial phosphor was used as temperature probe for studying on the photothermal behavior in Sm~(3+)/Nd~(3+) doped NaY(WO_4)_2 microstructures. It was found that the energy transfer can be achieved between Sm~(3+) ion and Nd~(3+) ion, and the higher laser excitation current resulted in higher sample temperature. Moreover, the sample with higher Sm~(3+) doping concentration exhibited more obvious photothermal effect when excited by 808 nm laser. We presented here an idea for rare earth doped microcrystals targeted physical cancer therapy and highlighted the promise of using this kind of microcrystals for cancer theranostics.
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Inorganic photothermal agents (PTAs) have attracted considerable attention in cancer theranostics due to their unique features such as high photothermal conversion efficacy, excellent photothermal stability, and straightforward fu...
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Inorganic photothermal agents (PTAs) have attracted considerable attention in cancer theranostics due to their unique features such as high photothermal conversion efficacy, excellent photothermal stability, and straightforward functionalization. The first part of this Review summarizes progress in methods for synthesizing PTAs, then considers in vitro photothermal evaluations, as well as in vivo photothermal-based applications that attempt to overcome different barriers in cancer theranostics. Next, a clinical trial with an inorganic PTA is described. The final part of the Review examines the challenges and possibilities for successful transfer of inorganic PTAs from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Traditional methods of tumor treatment such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have certain limitations, and their treatment effects are not always satisfactory. As a new tumor treatment method, phototherma...
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Traditional methods of tumor treatment such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have certain limitations, and their treatment effects are not always satisfactory. As a new tumor treatment method, photothermal therapy based on nanostructures has attracted the attention of researchers due to its characteristics of minimally invasive, low side effects, and inhibition of cancer metastasis. In recent years, there has been a variety of inorganic or organic nanostructures used in the field of photothermal tumor treatment, and they have shown great application prospects. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of nanomaterials/nanostructures as photothermal agents (PTAs) for photothermal therapy as well as their research progress are reviewed. For the sake of clarity, the recently reported nanomaterials/nanostructures for photothermal therapy of tumor are classified into five main categories, i.e., carbon nanostructures, noble metal nanostructures, transition metal sulfides, organic polymer, and other nanostructures. In addition, future perspectives or challenges in the related field are discussed.
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We used reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which has two times higher photothermal conversion efficiency than graphene oxide (GO), as a photothermal agent for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). By conjugating a photosensitizer IR780 to...
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We used reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which has two times higher photothermal conversion efficiency than graphene oxide (GO), as a photothermal agent for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). By conjugating a photosensitizer IR780 to rGO, the IR780-rGO could be endowed with reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation ability for concurrent photodynamic therapy (PDT). The IR780-rGO was coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) by electrostatic interaction to facilitate its intracellular uptake by U87 glioblastoma cells. The IR780-rGO/HA was loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) for chemotherapy (CT), to develop a pH-responsive drug delivery nano-platform for targeted multimodal cancer CT/PTT/PDT. We fully characterized the properties of all nanocomposites during the synthesis steps. The high loading efficiency of DOX on IR780-rGO-HA provides 3 mg/mg drug loading, while IR780-rGO-HA/DOX shows 3 times higher drug release at endosomal pH value (pH 5) than at pH 7.4. The mechanism for PTT/PDT was confirmed from the ability of IR780-rGO-HA to induce time-dependent temperature rise, synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and generation of intracellular ROSs, after exposure to 808 nm near infrared (NIR) laser light. The nano-vehicle IR780-rGO-HA shows high biocompatibility toward 3T3 fibroblast and U87 cancer cell lines, as well as enhanced intracellular uptake by U87 through active targeting. This translates into increased cytotoxicity of IR780-rGO-HA/DOX, by lowering the drug half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC_(50)) from 0.7 to 0.46 ug/mL. This IC50 is further decreased to 0.1 μg/mL by irradiation with NIR laser for 3 min at 1.5 W/cm2. The elevated cancer cell killing mechanism was supported from flow cytometry analysis, where the highest cell apoptosis/necrosis rate was observed in combination CT/PTT/PDT. Using xenograft tumor model created by subcutaneous implantation of U87 cells in nude mice, IR780-rGO-HA/DOX delivered through intravenous (Ⅳ) injection and followed with 808 nm laser treatment for 5 min at 1.5 W/ cm2 results in the lowest tumor growth rate, with negligible change of tumor volume from its original value at the end 20-day observation period. The therapeutic efficacy was supported from inhibited cell proliferation rate, increased cell apoptosis rate, and increased production of HSP70 from immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue slices. The safety of the NIR-assisted multimodal cancer treatment could be confirmed from non-significant change of body weight and hematological parameters of blood sample. Taken together, we conclude that IV delivery of IR780-rGO-HA/DOX plus NIR laser treatment is an effective nanomedicine approach for combination cancer therapy.
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Gold nanorods (GNRs) and doxorubicin (DOX) were loaded into the lumen of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) via a rapid synthesis process (2 min) and physical adsorption. The targeting molecules of folic acid (FA) are then conjugated to ...
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Gold nanorods (GNRs) and doxorubicin (DOX) were loaded into the lumen of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) via a rapid synthesis process (2 min) and physical adsorption. The targeting molecules of folic acid (FA) are then conjugated to HNTs via reactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The formation of GNRs in HNTs was verified by different techniques. Au-HNT-DOX@BSA-FA shows a maximum temperature of 26.8 degrees C rising after 8 min of 808 nm laser irradiation under 0.8 W cm(-2). The functionalized HNTs exhibited stronger chemotherapeutic effect under laser irradiation as the laser could promote the release of DOX and temperature rising. Au-HNT-DOX@BSA-FA-treated MCF-7 cells exhibited a survival rate of 7.4% after laser irradiation. Au-HNT-DOX@BSA-FA treatment does not induce obvious toxicity in blood biochemistry, liver, and kidney function in normal mice. In vivo chemo-photothermal treatment toward 4T1-bearing mice suggested that Au-HNT-DOX@BSA-FA exhibited remarkable tumor-targeted efficiency and good controlled release effect for DOX. Also, the nanoparticles exhibited a rapid photothermal performance and an ability to inhibit the growth of tumors. Because of the synergistic effect of chemical photothermal therapy, the toxicity of DOX to normal tissues was reduced on the premise of ensuring the same curative effect with a low dosage of 0.32 mg kg(-1). This novel chemo-photothermal therapy nanoplatform provided a safe, rapid, effective, and cheap choice for the treatment of breast tumors both in vitro and in vivo.
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Photothermal therapy usually requires a high power density to activate photothermal agent for effective treatment, which inevitably leads to damage to normal tissues and inflammation in tumor tissues. Herein, we rationally design ...
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Photothermal therapy usually requires a high power density to activate photothermal agent for effective treatment, which inevitably leads to damage to normal tissues and inflammation in tumor tissues. Herein, we rationally design a protein-binding strategy to build a molecular photothermal agent for photothermal ablation of tumor. The synthesized photothermal agent can covalently bind to the thiol groups on the intracellular proteins. The heat generated by the photothermal agent directly destroyed the bioactive proteins in the cells, effectively reducing the heat loss and the molecular leakage. Under a low power density of 0.2 W cm(-2), the temperature produced by the photothermal agent was sufficient to induce apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the therapeutic effect of photothermal therapy can be efficiently improved with the protein-binding strategy.
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Abstract Novel nanocomposites were constructed through encapsulation of Au nanoparticles and Ru nanoparticles into dendritic mesoporous silica (DMSN‐Au‐Ru NPs). These exhibit improved effects due to a cascade catalytic ability f...
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Abstract Novel nanocomposites were constructed through encapsulation of Au nanoparticles and Ru nanoparticles into dendritic mesoporous silica (DMSN‐Au‐Ru NPs). These exhibit improved effects due to a cascade catalytic ability for the synergistic therapy of cancer. Au nanoparticles with glucose oxidase‐like properties were found to catalyze the oxidation of glucose to produce H2O2, while Ru nanoparticles could decompose H2O2 and produce toxic 1O2 for improved photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition, the nanocomposites were found to have good photothermal performance under irradiation by near‐infrared (NIR) light. Both in?vitro and in?vivo experiments show that the nanocomposites have good therapeutic effects due to the cascade catalytic effect and synergistic effect. These findings provide an effective way to design a new generation of nanodrugs for highly efficient cancer treatment.
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Phototherapeutic agent-based phototherapies activated by light have proven to be safe modalities for the treatment of various malignant tumor indications. The two main modalities of phototherapies include photothermal therapy, whi...
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Phototherapeutic agent-based phototherapies activated by light have proven to be safe modalities for the treatment of various malignant tumor indications. The two main modalities of phototherapies include photothermal therapy, which causes localized thermal damage to target lesions, and photodynamic therapy, which causes localized chemical damage by generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conventional phototherapies suffer a major shortcoming in their clinical application due to their phototoxicity, which primarily arises from the uncontrolled distribution of phototherapeutic agents in vivo. For successful antitumor phototherapy, it is essential to ensure the generation of heat or ROS specifically occurs at the tumor site. To minimize the reverse side effects of phototherapy while improving its therapeutic performance, extensive research has focused on developing hydrogel-based phototherapy for tumor treatment. The utilization of hydrogels as drug carriers allows for the sustained delivery of phototherapeutic agents to tumor sites, thereby limiting their adverse effects. Herein, we summarize the recent advancements in the design of hydrogels for antitumor phototherapy, offer a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in hydrogel-based phototherapy and its combination with other therapeutic modalities for tumor treatment, and discuss the current clinical status of hydrogel-based antitumor phototherapy.
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